QUESTION 1

PROBLEM: A problem is an unforeseen event or condition which brings about some undesirable circumstances that are supposed to be solved in order to reach to the aim or whatever it (problem) causes the state on, and so forth.

In other words problem is something unexpected that causes some difficulties can be fixed or not on the process or operation that is done to reach something necessary. Moreover, problem is inevitable in spite of whole endeavor and effort. We always encounter with a problem that exasperate us during any work or process in all parts of the life. The concept of perfect may be used for something without any problem or deficiency despite reaching the perfect is almost impossible. Maybe problem is one the vicissitudes of life that makes it more livable because if we reached whatever we want without any problem or obstacle, namely; reaching something especially success did not need any endeavor and we know that we reach it, life would be more boring and colorless than so is now.

References:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem
http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=problem
A handbook of management Kempner, Thomas.

QUESTION 2

METHOD: Method is can be seen as the prescribed pattern or stipulated principles of the way or procedure of doing something for the performance of work or operation. Briefly, method is a way which is used in order to ease the process and lower the effort that made to reach the aim.

METHODOLOGY: Methodology is the scientific study which deals with the methods, techniques and principles of procedure or systematic and documented approach to processes or operations in order to develop methods, techniques, practices, and so forth, which have benefits somehow on procedure. In addition, it can be defined as the scientific study that analyzes the scientific methods of the logic.

References:http://www.iienet2.org/Details.aspx?ID=645
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodology
http://en.wikitionary.org/method

QUESTION 3

THEORY: Theory is a comprehensive explanation or assumption about a fact or event that is extremely confirmed and supported by evidence and proof. In general, it is used to define a conjecture, an opinion or a speculation which is based on reasoning, explanation and experimentation but its meaning can be changed in terms of methodologies and the substance of discussion in distinct field of knowledge.

HYPOTHESİS: Hypothesis can generally be defined as a proposition assumed to be true merely for purposes of argument, or a proposition of the theory put forward to account for and order a body of facts. Hypothesis is a level proposition must pass through to the way become a theory and law. This process takes a very long time and, since a hypothesis logically implies its consequences, a single negative instance can invalidate a hypothesis. Also no hypothesis is ever exhaustively confirmed for it is capable of an indefinite number of tests; it must be almost perfect to be confirmed all over the world.

PARADIGM: Briefly, paradigm is an example shown as model or pattern, or some kind of questions that must be asked in order to get answers about a subject. Paradigm can be defined also as an expression emphasizes on different relations between phenomenon, subjects or facts.

References:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigm
http://www.iienet2.org/Details.aspx?id=2360
http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=theory

QUESTION 4

STRATEGY: Strategy is systematic plan or general arrangement through an aim in order to get maximum support or efficiency. Strategy can be thought as same with the word plan, but there are clear differences between them. For instance, plan is more general but strategy is really specific and only covers the action through the aim, therefore, we can briefly say that strategy is the long-term plan of actions of an operation in order to get maximum performance or efficiency through the goal.

PLAN: Plan can be defined as realizing the actions which are undertaken to meet future needs most efficiently on the basis of evidence which is obtained from past experiences, or plan is an orderly and systematic process of thinking, armed at producing a pattern which is to be followed for a specific action. Relation between strategy and plan can be understood easily.

CONTROL: As a verb, control can be defined as to execute procedures in accord with the purpose of future policy forming and planning or to analyze past and present performance in order to get a basis for future action and decide what to do or it can be defined as to meet a situation and handle it capably, physically and mentally. Also check, regulate and verify can be shown as synonyms of it.

References:http://www.iienet2.org/Details.aspx?id=1746
http://www.iienet2.org/Details.aspx?id=2134
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategy

QUESTION 5

MODEL: Generally, model can be defined as something three dimensional, typically small constructions intended to illustrate, explain, or discover certain properties of its prototype and the subject that it represents. The more scientific definition is briefly may be like that: the formal representation of the notions that we have about a phenomenon or subject. Thus, while the notions may be familiar with the workings of a market or an economy, the formal representation of this in an abstract model is new relatively.

SNOWBALL EFFECT: Snowball effect is a figurative expression and can be defined as starting from beginning because of an unimportant reason and come to a very large extent or a very serious state like avalanche that can be started with a really small, tiny snowball and become very huge, devastating and dangerous. All problems start because of an insignificant subject and some of them come to a really serious state as we encounter in normal life. Maybe we should take some advice from this as “do not give the reason to avalanche”, “take the precaution before the avalanche started” or lastly “do not let the pebble to cause an avalanche”.

WATERFALL DIAGRAM: A waterfall diagram is a chart that is used to explain something like process more easily by using concepts, data and phenomenon, and so forth, relevant to the subject in accordance between them. Flowchart is the general name of the charts like this. Waterfall diagrams are the ones resemble to a waterfall.

References:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowball_effect
http://www.iienet2.org/Details.aspx?id=2480
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall_model

QUESTION 6

VALIDITY/VALIDATION: Validation is the process of checking something that it is true or not. Validation implies that the sentence which is validated is true and claim or assumption is real about the subject in question. Hence, validation is supposed to be done by someone who has at least a little facility, authority or something like that gives him/her the capability to do this and gives the other person/people a reason to trust and accept the validation results. Also validation is the state of being valid, state of being confirmed or approved by an authority or someone who is capable of this. Validation of something is the acceptance of it by people but it does not have to be all or most of the people. Something can be valid for a person or a group of people but not for another. If I try to do a scientific definition based on management I can say something like that it is the agreement between a measure and a factor which gives external consistency of data so that it measures whatever it is intended to measure.

SIGNIFICANCE: Significance can be defined generally as the quality of being significant or importance level of something or any case. Significance has a complex meaning in terms of my research but if I want to give a basic explanation, significance is an attribute that indicates importance or the important parts of anything in life. Basic meaning for our ordinary life, in my opinion, significance is the amount of the worth that we give to someone or something and that decides how much it is important for us. Something has the high significance for us takes always the high priority in terms of the others. For example, as Sinan Terek (IE ’80) says, if we say that we do not have enough time to read book, this does not mean our amount of time is insufficient, actually this means that reading book does not have enough significance in terms of the other facts in order to consume a little while. If we give enough significance to reading, we always found even a small amount of time to spend for it.

RELIABILITY: Reliability can be defined as generally the state or facility of something to be able to make required works under some conditions that may be coercive or handicap. Reliability also is the level or the amount of trust that we give someone or something. If someone is reliable, this means that we trust her/him somewhat based on the amount of reliability. Actually, reliability is certainly notional, therefore; something reliable for me can be unreliable for another person.

RELEVANCE/RELEVANT: Relevance of something is the measurement of relationship or connection with the subject that individual tries to find so relevance of something is completely depends on the person, so does depends on the subject is researched. Something can be not satisfying information for any user’s need, this means it is not relevant for this user or reader but this does not change its truth or the state of being relevant to another individual. For example, a definition of the concept “reliability” was relevant information for me for 45 minutes ago, but now it is exactly irrelevant because I am interested in the definition of the concept “relevant” now.

References: A handbook of management Kempner, Thomas
http://www.onlinemedia.co.in/glossary
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Validate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability
http://en.wikipedia/wiki/Significance

QUESTION 7

EVENT: Event can be defined generally as something that happens on a stated time and place which has special group of conditions such as falling down the stairs while trying to reach the ring. Event has also a meaning for computer software systems as can be said any significant change in the state of system resource or network resource. An event can be generated for a problem or for the resolution of a problem. For example, seeing blue screen and having an instantaneous restart is an event and shows that a problem is reaching.

PROCESS: Process can be defined as any set of conditions or causes which work together to produce an aimed result generally. Also process is the step or operation involved in changing the status of materials or parts that advance a material or procedure from one stage of completion to another. Briefly, process is a logical series of events conditions that must be overcome or resolved in order to reach aimed result.

LIFE CYCLE: Life cycle is the period from the beginning to the end during a process generally. More specifically life cycle can be defined as the successive stages of a system especially production system starting from the decision to produce and supplying the raw materials and whatever is needed for production, ending with the disposal of the product. This is the end for the first life cycle of the product and the start of new life cycle on the hands of consumer which will end with the annihilation.

References:http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/event.html
http://www.iienet2.org/Details.aspx?id=2206
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process
A handbook of management Kempner, Thomas.

QUESTION 8

ITERATIVE: Iterative can be defined as a repetitive or recursive case that cycles until a case or an effect stop it. The aim of iteration is being able to find the problem even after progress is started or finished. Iteration gives the ability to person to go back easily and check the method step by step again and again. Hence, it has an important advantage over the waterfall diagram model which does not give the ability to turn back to steps of process.

SEQUENTIAL: Sequential can be defined as following each other in an order without any gap, consecutively or successively. If I try to correlate it to iterative, iterative spans all process and operations, but sequential spans only two operations and only the relation between them. Therefore, iterative and sequential have similar meanings but different extents.


References:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterative
http://www.iienet2.org/Details.aspx?id=2220
http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=iterative

QUESTION 9-CORRELATION

First of all we had known nothing about the concept “beautiful and kitsch” so we had to do some research, get some information and sum up them. We can call this step as “data collection” which means gathering relevant information for the purposes of expected result or aim. After that, our researches and data collection process showed us that we were supposed to do investigation or research on the campus. However, investigation and data collection involved a visual extent so we had to use a different method of data collection which is called as “observation” which means making investigation and collecting data by using five senses. Therefore, we had to do a plan and create a strategy for this process since this was a long-term work and we had also many other works. This required to be aware of the needs of the process. Namely, awareness was required. After a long period, we had collected a lot of valid data, namely photos. But there was one more problem, choosing the best one. This problem required “abstraction”, because we need to do some elimination in terms of our knowledge about the concepts, we were not able to put all photos that we get on our blog. Lastly, we were done, we chose two best photos from our database and put them on our blog addresses.