Abraham Harold Maslow, father of humanistic physiology, was an American psychologist. He is noted for his best known work “hierarchy of human needs” which has conceptualization of the needs of a human by a pyramid that low-level needs such as physiological requirements and safety must be satisfied before higher-level needs such as self-fulfillment on it.
Maslow was repulsed by the negative implications of psychoanalysis and behaviorism for human potential, because of their focus on psychopathology and he responded by formulating a psychology that includes higher levels of human function. The result is a humanistic approach to psychology. Maslow assumes that the individual is an integrated and organic whole. A theory of motivation must include the study of ultimate human needs and goals appropriate to humanity. Maslow asserts that the fundamental desires of human beings are similar despite the huge number of conscious desires.
Fundamental of Maslow’s theory of motivation is that human needs are hierarchical—that displeased lower needs dominate one’s thinking, actions, and being until they are satisfied. Once a lower need is fulfilled, a next level surfaces to be addressed or expressed in everyday life. Once all of the basic or deficiency needs are satisfied, then human beings tend to pursue the higher needs of self-actualization.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs can be understood easily by the pyramid below.
.
There are some important implications of Maslow’s theory for management. There are opportunities to motivate employees through management style, job design, company events, and compensation packages, some examples of which follow:
· Physiological needs: Provide lunch breaks, rest breaks, and wages that are sufficient to purchase the essentials of life.
· Safety Needs: Provide a safe working environment, retirement benefits, and job security.
· Social Needs: Create a sense of community via team-based projects and social events.
· Esteem Needs: Recognize achievements to make employees feel appreciated and valued. Offer job titles that convey the importance of the position.
· Self-Actualization: Provide employees a challenge and the opportunity to reach their full career potential.
However, not all people are driven by the same needs, at any time different people may be motivated by entirely different factors. It is important to understand the needs being pursued by each employee. To motivate an employee, the manager must be able to recognize the needs level at which the employee is operating, and use those needs as levers of motivation.
References:
http://www.netmba.com/mgmt/ob/motivation/maslow/
http://www.businessballs.com/maslow.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslow
metu library e-resources
http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=2&hid=16&sid=f68570c1-9d92-4c3b-bfca-40889be79e4c%40SRCSM1
metu library books
The third force: the psycology of abraham maslow by Goble, Frank G
http://www.netmba.com/mgmt/ob/motivation/maslow/
+(Large).jpg)
Hiç yorum yok:
Yorum Gönder